Sign in

Darakeh in Tehran

This is a Darakeh travel guide for Tehran tourist. Every things you need about Darakeh mountaion and things to do nearby. We introduce all of Darakeh attractions in this guide.

Introduction about Darakeh in Tehran

In this article, we want to introduce you to Darakeh Tehran and all tourism and leisure facilities. 


This article is one of the series of articles on the HotelOneClick site designed to provide travelers with more information about Tehran tourist attractions.

In this article, we will try to describe all the tourist attractions in Darakeh Tehran, along with its details.


This article is, in fact, a guide to Darakeh tourism in Tehran.

In this guide, you will be introduced to Darakeh's sights and amenities. Besides, you will get to know the history of Darakeh and the people of that area.


Why is Darakeh one of Tehran's most famous attractions?

Today we are going to one of the memorable spots in the capital. We will try to portray its beauty and mood for you.

Darakeh is a mountainous neighborhood in the north of Tehran.


 Darakeh has become very popular among the Tehranis because of its hiking route.

However, the delicious dishes and pleasant climate are also good reasons to go to this part of the capital.


 It can be said that the main reasons for choosing Darakeh, as one of the most important tourist attractions of Iran, can be the followings:

  • Darakeh is one of the popular hiking trails for the whole family.
  • The breezy environment of the Darakeh, the amazing river, the hiking path that passes through the region's relatively old and rustic texture, is very tempting to spend a day away from the noise and pollution.
  • If you are a foodie, there are great and tasty options waiting for you.


A beautiful house at Darakeh in Tehran - HotelOneClick

Getting to know Darakeh Tehran - A memorable climb to the northern highlands of the capital

At first glance, Tehran may seem aa crowded city full of tall buildings. But in different parts of the city there are recreational places that bring happiness and joy to life.

 One of these popular places for walking and hiking is Darakeh.

This old promenade is located on the westernmost foothills of the north of Tehran and is one of Shemiranat's oldest and most beautiful countryside.


This landmark is renowned for its beautiful nature, pleasant climate, lush garden alleys, sour and sweet plums, pomegranate juice and its traditional restaurants.

Residents of the pleasant climate and refreshing area have built their homes linearly in a north-south route along the Darakeh River.

Next to the Darakeh neighborhood is the Evin Valley, where there is a staircase and a natural pool by the Darakeh river. 


Over time, traditional and modern restaurants and cafes were built along the river, known today as Haft Hoz among tourists and locals.

Darakeh is said to have been taken from the name Darageh, which is a shoe for snow. Some, however, believe that the name was given to it because of a valley of the same name above the neighborhood.


A beautiful river in Darakeh  Tehran - HotelOneClick

Attractions and entertainment in Darakeh Tehran

It is home to some of the most fascinating leisure and entertainment destinations and has become one of Tehran's favorite resorts.

In this section, we get to know more about the entertainments.


Note: HotelOneClick suggestion

Darakeh is one of the most important recreational places in Tehran. If you have not traveled to Tehran yet, you can select the best Tehran hotels and reserve Tehran hotels in our site.


1. Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Vali

Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Vali is one of the descendants of Imam Sajjad (AS) who came to Iran during the time of Imam Reza (AS) and the Ma'mun (Abbasi Khalifa ) reign, but in the city of Rey, he heard the martyrdom of Imam.


Sayyid Mohammad Vali's friends and companions took him to the current Darakeh location.

Since the land of this place was barren at that time, Sayyid Muhammad Vali reclaimed and owned them. 

Various stories have said that Sayyid Muhammad Vali was the first to settle in Darakeh and after his death, they erected a tomb for him, which today is home to pilgrims and climbers. 


The current monument of Imamzadeh is not too old and covers more than 70 square meters. Parts of the old shrine can also be seen in the building.

To enter the shrine, you have to enter from the north side and as soon as you enter, a picturesque porch is in front of you.

The tombstones, old ovens, and carved stone mortars discovered during the excavation of Imamzadeh indicate the age of this religious site.


Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammad Vali in Darakeh Tehran - HotelOneClick

2. Pleasant weather of Darakeh

Many people in the capital, even for a once, have strolled down the paths and enjoyed the pleasant climate away from the everyday concerns in this mountainous countryside.

The water sound and the hum of people's presence in the restaurants and cafes that are found all over the road have made it a memorable place for many. 


It is where the garden old alleyways still have houses with gable roof and thatch walls. A neighborhood where many still use donkeys and mules to carry their things. 

There are also colorful handicrafts in different places that go hand in hand between buyers and sellers.


3. Places to eat in Darakeh

One of the main attractions and amusements in Darakeh Tehran is its restaurants and cafes makes many go to the spectacular place. 

Enjoying delicious freshly prepared meals or spending an evening with friends and family at one of the restaurants and cafes of this charming neighborhood is nothing you can easily miss. 


Around noon, the smell of Kebab is spreading in the area which is so tempting that not eating them can be one of the most difficult things in the world.


Darakeh restaurants

Find out where you can find some of Tehran's most renowned restaurants and enjoy delicious food.

The varied and attractive menus of these restaurants can satisfy all tastes.


one of restaurant  in Darakeh Tehran - HotelOneClick

Darakeh traditional cafes

Alongside the various restaurants, there are also modern and traditional cafés that can make a pleasant and memorable hour.


Darakeh Cafes

Darakeh cafes with menus for breakfast, lunch, evening and dinner are ready for climbers and tourists, though the variety of these menus is not as varied as the ones you see in Tehran city.


Darakeh street foods:

Sometimes having street food is much more fun than eating in restaurants and cafes.

If you are a fan of this type of belly, grilled stalls and carts, cobblestones and small sandwiches along the way can make you a ready-to-eat breakfast.

However, when buying food for these places, make sure the food is healthy and fresh.


Darakeh local fruits and vegetables:

Depending on the time of the year you travel to Darakeh, you can enjoy the local fruits that the villagers sell.

Summers are the time to buy local cherries and in autumns, buy black mulberry and medlar from the village gardens.

You can also buy local vegetables like rhubarb, acanthus, and some mountain herbs.


Delicious snacks and junk food:

Sour and sweet plums, sour pomegranate juice and sour cherries, dried fruits (Lavashak), walnuts, natural juices, and others are snacks you can eat and drink at local shops on the way.


Hotel offer close to Darakeh

Tehran Milad Tower is one of the recreational areas near the Espinas Palace Hotel in Tehran. If you have not booked your hotel yet, you can use the following link to book Espinas Palace Hotel in Tehran.

4. Hiking, picnics, and photography

If you do not have the time and ability to climb the mountain, but want to have a walk in Darakeh, you can take a snack and stroll through its garden alleyways to have a light walk.


You can even go a bit further and reach the top of the road to enjoy the pristine river and the surrounding trees.

If you like to enjoy the river and its pleasant weather a little more, you can go along the riverbank, sit and immerse yourself in the soothing sound of water and its scenery.


On the way, you can see talented people and artists who capture the beautiful moments of nature with their camera and try to take a reminder of their journey to their homes.


photography in Darakeh in Tehran - HotelOneClick

Darakeh climbing route

Darakeh has one of the most spectacular hiking paths of the capital.

The main hiking route is the path to the Palang Chal or Station 5 of Tochal, and many use it for hiking on their weekends.


The six-kilometer route passes through the beautiful valley of Darakeh and Palang Chal and along the Darakeh river.

Of course, for hiking in the winter, it is best to continue your route only to the area called Azghalchal, as there may be dangers like avalanches along the way.


Of course, there is also a path along the eastern side of the Palang Chal camp, which connects the camp to the 5th station of Tochal resort. 

This route is also very dangerous in the cold seasons and there is an avalanche hazard.

The climbing route of Darakeh is easier than the other hiking paths north of Tehran. Its route has many ups and downs and has been fenced in some places for more security, but in general, people of all ages can use it.


To get there, it is best to go early in the morning to avoid the crowd and have enough time to take a break and enjoy the natural scenery around.

Along the climbing route, there is the peaceful sound of the Darakeh river, just a short distance from the path and accompanies the climbers.

The high altitude of the surrounding mountains makes it shady around the river most of the day, making it easier to climb in the summer.


Equipment needed for climbing in Darakeh

Backpack, hot water flasks, drinking water, light snacks like different kinds of chocolate, nuts, light breakfast, hiking shoes, first aid kits, suitable clothes of the season, sticks, and hats.


climbing and hiking in Tehran Darakeh  - HotelOneClick

Schedule the climbing time

Notice that the times mentioned in this article are based on the experiences of people who have gone to this route several times.

Certainly, times are different for those who go hiking for entertainment.


So try to measure time along the way with the people you are climbing with, and always set the weakest person as the criteria of your schedule so that you do not get into trouble.

Overall and on average, the Darakeh climbing route takes between two to three hours to reach the Palang Chal camp.


Mountaineering route advice

  • Please do not break branches and light fires along the way, especially in the cold months of the year. The forest and the trees are all valuable capitals, take care of them.
  • Never go out of the main path without an experienced group to avoid getting yourself in trouble.
  • Divide your time and energy along the way and consider the return route.
  • Exercise caution when crossing rocky paths, steep slopes, and walk slowly and carefully beside the cliffs.
  • Make sure you have a small snack (such as nuts, dates, or chocolates) so that you can get help from them if you have low blood pressure.
  • In the cold seasons of the year, be sure to go hiking with a team of professionals and suitable equipment and clothes.
  • Avoid walking on unpaved and unknown routes because it is very difficult to help the injured at this time of year due to the heavy rain and snow.


Note: Hotel Suggestion to stay in Tehran

Darakeh is one of the most famous place to sightseeing in Tehran. You can reserve Tehran Grand Hotel to access it easily.

Tehran Darakeh mountain  - HotelOneClick

The Start of the climbing path from Darakeh Square

To start the climbing route of Darakeh to Palang Chal you must first reach Darakeh Square at 1,700 meters above sea level.

Before Darakeh Square next to the Khaneh Moalem, there is a path for climbing and from there to the foot of the mountain, the road is asphalted.

At the top of the square, however, there is another way to reach the foot of the mountain that passes through the Darakeh neighborhood.


If you would like to have a river along the route to reach the mountain, you should follow the waterway from the opposite.

Otherwise, the alternate route is above the river next to the mosque. After crossing both routes, you will reach a single road from where the main climbing road begins.


If you choose to cross the neighborhood, different cafes, restaurants, and shops are on your way.

You can have a meal in one of these restaurants or take it with you. Keep in mind, however, that the amount of food you eat will not be high to cause problems along the way.

Also, try to avoid low-calorie fatty foods and choose rich high-calorie and high-carbohydrate foods to help you along the way.


You can also buy fresh bread from local bakeries in Darakeh and have a delicious breakfast in the heights of Tehran.


Darakeh Square in Tehran - HotelOneClick

Kara jungle, Spectacular autumn glory

Halfway through the Darakeh to Palang Chal, you can change your way to the Kara jungle (on the western side of the heights near the river) and enjoy the natural beauty of the jungle.


It is about half an hour away from the main climbing route.

Kara jungle is spectacular especially in autumn, and every year in this season, the leaves of its wild medlar trees spread a beautiful yellow, orange and brown carpet on the ground.


Of course, the spring and summer of this jungle are also magnificent and nature lovers camp here and enjoy its beauty.

It's good to know that climbing in winter of this route doesn't pose a risk either.


Kara Jungle and its access road

To reach Kara Jungle you have to go from Darakeh Square for about 40 minutes to Palang Chal along the river.

You will see a two-story hut at the beginning of the Kara jungle with the same name.


When you reach the hut, turn left. There is a narrow road with a steep slope next to the hut.

Continue on this road for 40 minutes until you reach a rocky neck and from there you will see a valley full of trees when you look at your left.

Continue downhill to reach the Kara Jungle.


Note: Suggest to book 5-star hotel near Darakeh

Darakeh is one of the recreational areas near the Parsian Azadi Hotel in Tehran. If you have not booked your hotel yet, you can use the following link to book Parsian Azadi Hotel in Tehran.


The Kara waterfall and its access path

One of the most spectacular points of the Kara jungle and Darakeh is the Kara waterfall. To reach Kara waterfall, go from Darakeh Square to the road that leads to the mountain.


Pass through the alleys of Shahid Mousavi Motlaq, Shahid Mir Esmaeili, and Khordad.

Having passed the Pol Bala neighborhood and Sang Nesghal attractions, Jafar Aqa's mill, Pakopa, and Seh Chenar, you would reach Haft Hoz. 

After Haft Hoz, continue a little to reach the Kara waterfall. The distance from the square to the waterfall is estimated at about half an hour to an hour.


Kara jungle in Darakeh Tehran - HotelOneClick

Kalagh Chin Peak after the Kara jungle

If you like the Kara jungle path and want to experience more adventure along the way, Kalagh Chin Peak is in front of you. 


To get to this place, you have to follow the gutter that runs through the woods, up to the summit Kalagh Chin.

The path to the summit is impassable, so it is not possible to climb too high without sufficient guidance and preparation.

It is also very cold in the fall and winter and you must have a strong body, warm clothes and comfortable shoes and climb in groups.


Tips

All paths of the west of Darakeh valley, the Palang Chal, Siah Sang, Doshakh and Kalagh Chin, have steep avalanche and rocky slopes and are very dangerous to cross the valley. 

Do not use this route at all and continue your way only on the main road used by the other climbers.


Kalagh Chin Peak  in Darakeh Tehran - HotelOneClick

Halfway to Darakeh: Sports Federation Information Station

Halfway down the path is the Sports Federation Information Station where you can get information from.

Near the station, there is a photographer that takes snapshots with a little cost and gives you a little reminder.


The further you get along the path the farther you will be from the houses and other man-made objects and the more nature you will see.

Continue with the other climbers to the Palang Chal camp. In the meantime, if you have breakfast and snacks, have them to keep going energetically.


The end of Darakeh Road: Palang Chal Camp

After taking a distance and passing chehel Cheshmeh, the Palang Chal Camp can be found in the southern highlands of Alborz.

A shelter at 2250 meters above sea level with a 70-person capacity that hosts climbers at different times of the year, especially those seeking to climb higher altitudes.


Palang Chal Camp is a two-story camp with its first floor dedicated to a buffet and dining halls.

One is for those who bring their food and the other is for those who want to buy from the buffet.


The second floor includes a dorm, and on the west side of the camp, there is a rescue room, which fortunately does not have any visitors most of the time.


Palang Chal Camp in Darakeh Tehran  - HotelOneClick

Tochal Peak: The rest of the path for those who love adventure

If you would like to continue your climbing in Darakeh, you can head to the Tochal resort which is Tehran's most famous mountain peak.

There is a path to the northwest from the Palang Chal camp that can reach the summit in three to four hours (on average).


There are also routes to Imamzadeh Davood, Shah Neshin Peak (in the village of Shahrestanak) and Tochal 5th Station from Palang Chal camp.

If you wish to take a different route back to Tehran, you can take the Tochal cable car or take its climbing route.


Note: Offer to book 4-star hotel in Tehran

Darakeh is one of the most beautiful places to view by tourists in Tehran. You can book Tehran Howeyzeh Hotel to access it.

climbers in Darakeh mountain in Tehran - HotelOneClick

Various attractions of the Darakeh mountainous path

Apart from the Kara jungle and Kalagh Chin summit, there are many other natural attractions along the way. 


These sights are:

  • Divaneh valley
  • Dosang cave
  • Kara waterfall
  • a pool called Haft Hoz where some swim in hot seasons
  • Abdollah dam
  • jozak, espioo (white water)


Darakeh's recreational facilities

In Darakeh mountain, you can find many facilities like in the following:

  • Restaurants
  • cafes
  • teahouses
  • restrooms
  • the Mountaineering Federation Information Center
  • Darakeh Mosque
  • bank
  • fruit and vegetable market


A restaurant in Tehran Darakeh - HotelOneClick

The best season to go to Darakeh

As we mentioned earlier, Darakeh is in the northern part of Tehran and therefore has a good spring and summer.

In old times, princes, courtiers, and Qajar kings came to the area to escape the heat.


Darakeh in Spring:

Spring is very pleasant except for the beginning of the year, which still has some traces of winter coldness, especially if you are planning to go to Kara jungle.


Darakeh in Summer:

 Summers are very popular and many tourists and travelers choose this time of year to go to that area.


Darakeh in Autumn:

Autumn is cold particularly in the last month of the year and maybe slippery due to snow and rain, but the Kara jungle at this time of year is very spectacular and colorful and has beautiful scenery.


Darakeh in Winter:

If you want to take the Darakeh Mountaineering route in this season, be sure to travel with the suitable equipment, full preparation, and in a group.


Note: 5 stars Hotel Suggestion to see Tehran Attractions

Darakeh is one of the recreational areas near the Parsian Esteghlal International Hotel in Tehran. If you have not booked your hotel yet, you can use HotelOneClick site to book  Esteghlal Hotel.

winter in Darakeh Tehran Iran- HotelOneClick

Darakeh Address: Where is Darakeh in Tehran?

Address: Davoodian Street, Rashiduddin Fazlollah Street, Yaman Street, Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran


What are the ways to access Darakeh?

There are two ways to get there. You can go to the area with your car or use public transport.


Public transportation

The nearest metro station to Darakeh is Tajrish Square Station at the end of line 1 (Tajrish-Kahrizak Red Line). Once you get off the station, you can get to Darakeh by taxi, bus or minibus.


You can also use Line 4 of the BRT bus (JonoobTerminal-Parkway Terminal) or Line 1 of the BRT bus (Rah Ahan-Tajrish). Get off at Parkway Station and head to the International Exhibition. Next to the Velenjak gas station (next to the International Exhibition), there are taxis to Darakeh.


Personal car

There are three ways to get to Darakeh with your car; first, you can reach Valiasr Street or Shariati Street in Tajrish Square and from there head Darakeh Street. 

However, this route is often crowded and not recommended.


 The second way is through the Chamran highway.

Take the highway to the north, turn at the end of the highway to the Parkway and on the way back to the south of Tehran, go to Velenjak from the road next to the Velenjak gas station.

Having reached Daneshjoo Square, follow the road to Darakeh Street.


The other way is through Yadegar Emam highway, at the end of this highway, enter Evin Street and from there you will reach Darakeh.

The important thing to keep in mind when taking your car is that parking in this area is very difficult.

So either head to Darakeh early in the morning or use public transport.


beautiful garden in Darakeh Tehran - HotelOneClick
Note: Hotel suggestion to accommodate in Tehran

Darakeh is one of the most interesting places to view by tourists in Tehran. You can book Tehran Ferdowsi International Grand Hotel to see it.

The geographical range of Darakeh

From the north it is limited to the southern mountainous highlands of Alborz (Tochal Mountains), from the east to Darakeh Street (Shahid Beheshti and Evin University lands), from the west to Tochal Mountains (Sa'adat Abad) and from the south to Evin. 


The average annual rainfall in the Darakeh-Evin mountain range is 300 to 400 mm and the average annual temperature is 16.7 ° C.


History of Darakeh

Darakeh village is 800 years old and is said to have been the first built in the fifth century AH.

The inhabitants of this area are the descendants of Seyyed Mohammad Vali, the Imamzadeh of Darakeh.

The village of Darakeh was formed around the monument of this Imamzadeh and has developed gradually.


Most of the early inhabitants of Darakeh were gardeners and farmers, and after the residence of Seyyed Mohammad Vali came to this village.

Slowly the numbers were added and the current Darakeh neighborhood was formed. Some of the buildings that have remained are some water storage and a bathroom.


The area was attracted by other peoples due to a large number of trees and gardens and the Darakeh River, and many have migrated there.

It is said that in ancient times the trees of the gardens and the woods around Darakeh provided a large amount of the firewood of Tehran.


A room in Darakeh - HotelOneClick

Know more about Darakeh and its people

The neighborhood is formed around Imamzadeh Seyyed Mohammed Vali and its spring, Hosseinieh and the three Jameh mosques, Imamzadeh, and Ali Ibn Abi Talib give the neighborhood a religious atmosphere.


There is also a tall plane tree in front of the Hosseinieh, which shows the age of Darakeh.

The Jameh mosque and the Hosseinieh are said to date back to more than 500 years.


Darakeh neighborhood has three stations, including Darakeh Square (Lower District), Upper District (Imamzadeh) and Pol Bala (by the river).

This area of Tehran has long been famous for the Hosseinieh and the religious ceremonies of Imam Hossein that has been held there.


Residents go to the neighborhood at noon and say their prayers of Ashura noon.

In the past, Darakeh square was the cemetery of the residents of that area and praying there was regarded as a respect to the dead.


Note: Hotel advise to stay in Tehran

Darakeh is one of the recreational areas near the Persian Gulf Espinas Hotel in Tehran. If you have not booked your hotel yet, you can use our site to book it.



It should be noted, however, that the mosque and Hosseinieh have been demolished several times to date and unfortunately no traces of old buildings have been found.

This mosque and Hosseinieh used to be the site of people like Imam Khomeini and Allameh Tabatabai.


There is also a two-story house with a gable roof after the mosque and Hosseinieh which is older than these two religious buildings.

The discovery of gravestones, old ovens, carved stone mortars during excavation and construction of the Imamzadeh, as well as the flow of water in the north of the monument shows the early habitation of the people around the Imamzadeh.


In addition to the monument and shrine of Seyyed Mohammad Vali, three mosques named "Jame", Imamzadeh and Ali bin Abi Talib, a large Hosseinieh, are the five religious places respected by the residents of Darakeh.


Darakeh peoples - HotelOneClick

Darakeh, a neighborhood known for its gardens

Darakeh was also known for its gardens in the old days.

As you move from Darakeh Square to the mountain, you see the winding garden alleys, some of which have now become restaurants and cafes, though because of the construction, most of Darakeh's gardens have disappeared.


Famous gardens in this neighborhood include the garden of Haj Seyyed Abutaleb, the garden of Agha Pishnamaz Mosque, the garden of Amoo Habib, the garden of Haj Seyyed Mahmood, the garden of Haj Hussein Doa Nevis, the garden of Shazadeh, the Davoodian garden, the garden of Dehghani, the garden of Abdol Wahab, and the garden of Abdolmanaf.


Restaurants have taken the place of watermills

One of the important and good features of Darakeh is its drinking water. Mr. Majid Shafizadeh, an old resident of Darakeh, explains that in the old days the water was supplied from the Dereka-Evin River, which was famous among the villages of Shemiranat.

This has also changed the lifestyle of the villagers.


Note: The best 5-star hotel suggestion in Tehran

To accommodate in Tehran and visit Darakeh, you can stay at Ibis Hotel or Novotel in Tehran. If you have not booked your hotel yet, you can use HotelOneClick booking page to reserve any hotel in Iran.


This has caused a lot of cultivated wheat fields around the Darakeh neighborhood. Alongside there were nine water mills in the neighborhood to make wheat flour.


Of course today all those mills are gone and some have even become restaurants.

Darakeh was famous for its many stone mines such as white stone, green stone, and mining was one of the main occupations of the people.


Besides, sheep farming, aviculture, gardening, selling snow to the Tehranis, selling wheat from the Shahrastak road to the people of the north have been other occupations of Darakeh until three decades ago.


Darakeh Square, which is today a meeting place for climbers and hikers, did not exist until 50 years ago.

At that time, it was an earthen field and in the south of it there was a path which was the link between the village of Evin and Darakeh and the square was formed after the revolution by a well-known resident, Mr. Seyyed Mohseni.


autumn in Darakeh  - HotelOneClick

HotelOneClick recommendations to visit Darakeh

  • Tehran is very crowded on weekends and holidays, so if you would like to take advantage of the tranquility of this place, go there on other days.
  • Finding a parking space is very difficult, so either go early in the morning or use public transport.
  • Climb only the designated routes and never climb the side paths without an experienced team.
  • Do not damage the nature and natural attractions of the route as far as possible and try to prevent further damage to the area.
  • Make sure you eat at clean restaurants and do not put your health at risk.


Jungle in Darakeh - HotelOneClick

Conclusions for Tourism Guide in Darakeh Tehran

Tehran is a city full of tourist attractions. In this guide, we tried to thoroughly explore the tourism and leisure facilities of Darakeh in Tehran, which is one of the tourist attractions of Tehran.


Today, we took you to one of the most famous leisure attractions in Tehran, at the HotelOneClick.

We spent hours hiking in the nature of the resort and enjoyed the beauty of the mountains.


What do you think about this tourist destination in Tehran? Have you ever been to this memorable spot in Tehran?


Share your thoughts, experiences, and stories about hiking in Darakeh with us at HotelOneClick. We are looking forward to hearing from you.


If you have a comment about Darakeh Tehran that is not mentioned in this article, you can write in the comment section of this guide.

If you find this guide helpful, we'll be happy if you share it on social networks.



Our references to prepare Darakeh Travel guide:

we have used many references to prepare this article. They are some of them in the following: